香港六合彩中特网

The research, published in聽PNAS, aims to understand how the automated analysis of language could help doctors and scientists diagnose and assess psychiatric conditions.

Currently, psychiatric diagnosis is based almost entirely on talking with patients and those close to them, with only a minimal role for tests such as blood tests and brain scans.

However, this lack of precision prevents a richer understanding of the causes of mental illness, and the monitoring of treatment.

The researchers asked 26 participants with schizophrenia and 26 control participants to complete two verbal fluency tasks, where they were asked to name as many words as they could either belonging to the category 鈥渁nimals鈥� or starting with the letter 鈥減鈥�, in five minutes.

To analyse the answers given by participants, the team used an AI language model that had been trained on vast amounts of internet text to represent the meaning of words in a similar way to humans. They tested whether the words people spontaneously recalled could be predicted by the AI model, and whether this predictability was reduced in patients with schizophrenia. 聽

They found that the answers given by control participants were indeed more predictable by the AI model than those generated by people with schizophrenia, and that this difference was largest in patients with more severe symptoms.

The researchers think that this difference might have to do with the way the brain learns relationships between memories and ideas, and stores this information in so called 鈥榗ognitive maps鈥�. They find support for this theory in a second part of the same study where the authors used brain scanning to measure brain activity in parts of the brain involved in learning and storing these 鈥榗ognitive maps鈥�.

Lead author, Dr Matthew Nour (香港六合彩中特网 Queen Square Institute of Neurology and University of Oxford), said: 鈥淯ntil very recently, the automatic analysis of language has been out of reach of doctors and scientists. However, with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) language models such as ChatGPT, this situation is changing.

鈥淭his work shows the potential of applying AI language models to psychiatry 鈥� a medical field intimately related to language and meaning.鈥�

Schizophrenia is a debilitating and common psychiatric disorder that affects around 24 million people worldwide and over 685,000 people in the UK.

According to the NHS, symptoms of the condition may include hallucinations, delusions, confused thoughts and changes in behaviour.

The team from 香港六合彩中特网 and Oxford now plan to use this technology in a larger sample of patients, across more diverse speech setting, to test whether it might prove useful in the clinic.

Dr Nour said: 鈥淲e are entering a very exciting time in neuroscience and mental health research. By combining state-of-the-art AI language models and brain scanning technology, we are beginning to uncover how meaning is constructed in the brain, and how this might go awry in psychiatric disorders. There is enormous interest in using AI language models in medicine. If these tools prove safe and robust, I expect they will begin to be deployed in the clinic within the next decade.鈥�

The study was funded by Wellcome.

Links

• Nour et al. . PNAS 120聽(42)聽e2305290120.聽

Image

• 聽on iStock