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74.05 183.245 73.977 183.18 73.925 c 183.172 73.919 183.166 73.915 183.157 73.914 c 183.138 73.914 l 183.133 73.914 183.129 73.91 183.129 73.905 c 183.129 73.868 l 183.129 73.863 183.133 73.859 183.138 73.859 c 183.153 73.859 l 183.16 73.858 183.165 73.849 183.165 73.832 c 183.165 73.815 183.161 73.807 183.155 73.804 c 183.138 73.804 l 183.133 73.804 183.129 73.8 183.129 73.795 c 183.129 73.759 l 183.129 73.754 183.133 73.75 183.138 73.75 c 183.139 73.75 l 183.141 73.749 183.142 73.749 183.143 73.749 c 183.152 73.749 183.162 73.751 183.162 73.738 c 183.162 73.358 l 183.151 73.353 183.136 73.343 183.136 73.325 c 183.136 73.301 183.136 73.306 183.136 73.294 c 183.136 73.286 183.13 73.273 183.116 73.273 c 183.104 73.273 183.079 73.273 183.058 73.273 c 183.045 73.273 183.037 73.263 183.037 73.254 c 183.037 73.193 l 183.037 73.187 183.044 73.179 183.053 73.179 c 183.082 73.18 183.102 73.172 183.102 73.15 c 183.102 73.149 183.101 73.128 183.101 73.127 c 183.101 73.107 183.081 73.098 183.059 73.09 c 183.016 73.075 182.919 73.049 182.916 72.981 c 182.755 72.906 182.463 72.745 182.253 72.429 c 181.983 72.061 182.009 71.552 182.007 71.48 c 182.006 71.465 181.995 71.456 181.984 71.456 c 181.975 71.456 181.957 71.456 181.953 71.456 c 181.939 71.456 181.939 71.444 y 181.939 71.391 l 181.94 71.378 181.925 71.378 v 181.912 71.378 181.872 71.378 y 181.859 71.378 181.859 71.364 v 181.859 71.352 181.859 71.307 y 181.859 71.295 181.845 71.295 v 181.834 71.295 181.792 71.295 y 181.777 71.295 181.777 71.28 v 181.777 71.272 181.777 71.237 181.777 71.219 c 181.777 71.212 181.781 71.21 181.786 71.21 c 181.802 71.207 181.834 71.193 181.834 71.158 c 181.834 71.098 181.871 71.092 181.886 71.092 c 181.886 70.871 l 181.886 70.819 181.845 70.799 181.822 70.794 c 181.818 70.793 181.812 70.787 181.812 70.781 c 181.812 70.775 181.812 70.553 y 183.367 70.896 l 183.369 70.896 l 184.925 70.553 l 184.925 70.775 184.925 70.781 v 184.925 70.787 184.918 70.793 184.914 70.794 c 184.891 70.799 184.851 70.819 184.851 70.871 c 184.851 71.092 l 184.866 71.092 184.902 71.098 184.902 71.158 c 184.902 71.193 184.934 71.207 184.95 71.21 c 184.955 71.21 184.96 71.212 184.96 71.219 c 184.96 71.237 184.96 71.272 184.96 71.28 c 184.96 71.295 184.945 71.295 y f 186.665 66.324 m 186.665 66.779 l 186.399 66.779 l 186.399 66.977 l 180.333 66.977 l 180.333 66.779 l 180.067 66.779 l 180.067 66.324 l 179.799 66.324 l 179.799 65.865 l 186.933 65.864 l 186.933 66.324 l 186.665 66.324 l f /GS3 gs BT /TT6 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 475.2322 172.6719 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (The Constitution Unit)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -1.25 TD (ϲ Department of Political Science)Tj /TT6 1 Tf T* (Director: Professor Robert Hazell CBE)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit)Tj T* [(Email: )-291(constitution@ucl.ac.uk)]TJ T* [(Phone: )100.1(+44 \(0\) 20 7679 4977)]TJ T* [(Fax: )-1124.5(+44 \(0\) 20 7679 4978)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 475.232 188.64 m 650.035 188.64 l S /GS2 gs BT /TT2 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 127.8861 736.5989 Tm 0 0 0 0 k (LORDS REFORM: PROGRESS AT 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71.42 494.285 70.481 493.884 69.651 c 493.857 69.651 l 493.857 71.268 l 492.861 71.268 l 492.861 64.692 l f 501.724 64.692 m 501.724 64.692 1.0225 6.5766 re 501.655 72.982 m 501.655 72.982 1.1606 1.2432 re f 509.928 65.285 m 509.803 65.244 509.651 65.203 509.306 65.203 c 508.173 65.203 508.159 65.962 508.173 66.736 c 508.173 70.632 l 509.969 70.632 l 509.969 71.268 l 508.173 71.268 l 508.173 73.438 l 507.15 72.816 l 507.15 71.268 l 505.99 71.268 l 505.99 70.632 l 507.15 70.632 l 507.15 66.197 l 507.137 65.009 507.758 64.539 509.112 64.539 c 509.389 64.539 509.596 64.539 509.928 64.595 c 509.928 65.285 l f /Cs9 cs 1 scn /GS2 gs 502.812 60.091 13.776 2.1866 re f /GS3 gs 350.494 77.429 m 350.494 77.429 165.876 -17.119 re S /GS2 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 483.0273 699.6699 Tm 0 0 0 0 k [(PARLIAMENT )-7760.1(2)]TJ 0 -5.2941 TD [(THE EXECUTIVE )-6482.3(2 )]TJ 0.2343 -1.7647 TD ( )Tj -0.2343 -3.5294 TD [(ELECTIONS AND PARTIES )-1814.3(3)]TJ 0 -5.2941 TD [(DEVOLUTION )-7649.2(4)]TJ T* [(FREEDOM OF INFORMATION )71.5(5)]TJ T* [(EU CONSTITUTION REVIVAL )-759.6(6)]TJ T* [(FOCUS: CANADA )-6204.9(6)]TJ T* [(PEOPLE ON THE MOVE )-3147.8(6)]TJ T* [(CONSTITUTION UNIT NEWS )-762(7)]TJ T* [(BULLETIN BOARD )-5814.8(8)]TJ ET /Cs9 cs 0.35 scn 255.075 366.764 192.256 21.26 re f /Cs9 CS 0 SCN 1 J 1 j 1 w 4 M [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 679.02 m 641.197 679.02 l S []0 d 484.917 679.02 m 484.917 679.02 l 642.685 679.02 m 642.685 679.02 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 635.969 m 641.197 635.969 l S []0 d 484.917 635.969 m 484.917 635.969 l 642.685 635.969 m 642.685 635.969 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 590.791 m 641.197 590.791 l S []0 d 484.917 590.791 m 484.917 590.791 l 642.685 590.791 m 642.685 590.791 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 546.323 m 641.197 546.323 l S []0 d 484.917 546.323 m 484.917 546.323 l 642.685 546.323 m 642.685 546.323 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 503.272 m 641.197 503.272 l S []0 d 484.917 503.272 m 484.917 503.272 l 642.685 503.272 m 642.685 503.272 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 455.969 m 641.197 455.969 l S []0 d 484.917 455.969 m 484.917 455.969 l 642.685 455.969 m 642.685 455.969 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 411.5 m 641.197 411.5 l S []0 d 484.917 411.5 m 484.917 411.5 l 642.685 411.5 m 642.685 411.5 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 367.031 m 641.197 367.031 l S []0 d 484.917 367.031 m 484.917 367.031 l 642.685 367.031 m 642.685 367.031 l S [0 2.9767 ]0 d 487.894 277.917 m 641.197 277.917 l S []0 d 484.917 277.917 m 484.917 277.917 l 642.685 277.917 m 642.685 277.917 l S /GS3 gs BT /TT6 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 64.2087 714.5429 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Following a long period of inaction, Lords )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (reform has livened up. The long-awaited )Tj T* (White Paper was published in February, and )Tj T* (in March both chambers voted on a series of )Tj T* (composition options. Real reform, however, )Tj T* (seems as far away as ever.)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.3593 TD (As expected, the White Paper \(Cm 7027\), )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (managed by Leader of the Commons Jack Straw, )Tj T* (recommended a mixed House with 50 per cent )Tj T* (of members elected and 50 per cent appointed. )Tj T* (Elections would be by partially open party lists )Tj T* (in regional constituencies. The Appointments )Tj T* (Commission would become statutory and might )Tj T* (choose political nominees from longlists provided )Tj T* (by the parties, as well as independent members )Tj T* (who would continue to form 20 per cent of the )Tj T* (House. All members would serve 15 year terms. )Tj T* (The remaining hereditaries would go, and life )Tj T* (peers would be free to retire but with no )Tj T* (forced expulsion.)Tj 0 -2.3593 TD (Despite the recommendation there were also to )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (be free votes on various composition options. )Tj T* (To avoid the debcle of 2003, when no option )Tj T* (was agreed by the Commons, Jack Straw )Tj T* (announced that there would be a preferential )Tj T* (paper ballot. This idea was hastily withdrawn, )Tj T* (however, following )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 8.5044 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(erce hostility from )]TJ -8.7544 -1.1796 TD (the Conservatives and from many Labour )Tj T* (backbenchers. Instead voting took place in the )Tj T* (lobbies in the usual way, in the Commons on 7 )Tj T* (March and the Lords a week later, in both cases )Tj T* (following lengthy debates.)Tj 0 -2.3593 TD (Debate was lively, with heavyweight intervention )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (against elections coming from former Commons )Tj T* (Speaker Baroness Boothroyd, and more )Tj T* (surprisingly from former Liberal leader Lord )Tj T* (Steel. On the day of the Lords votes Lord Steel )Tj T* (introduced an alternative bill \(with no immediate )Tj T* (chance of becoming law\) to simply create a )Tj T* (statutory appointments commission, remove the )Tj T* (hereditary peers and allow members to retire.)Tj 0 -2.3593 TD (The main focus of attention was however, )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (understandably, the Commons. Here the )Tj T* (Conservatives, despite their inclusion in the all-)Tj T* (party talks preceding the White Paper, were highly )Tj T* (critical of its conclusions which Shadow Leader )Tj T* (of the House Theresa May described as a messy )Tj T* (compromise that would weaken Parliament. The )Tj T* (of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 0.834 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(cial Liberal Democrat line was more positive, )]TJ -1.084 -1.1796 TD (but countenanced no less than an 80 per cent )Tj T* (elected House. In the lobbies, the prediction )Tj T* (in the September 2006 )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 10.396 0 TD (Monitor)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 3.3345 0 TD ( that the 50/50 )Tj -13.7305 -1.1796 TD (proposal could prove to be a compromise that )Tj T* (suits nobody turned out to be wholly accurate. It )Tj T* (was the least popular option in both chambers, )Tj T* (being rejected in the Commons by 418 votes to )Tj 0 -1.1795 TD (155, despite the support of both Jack Straw and )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (Tony Blair. In the Commons an all-appointed, )Tj 23.6503 71.9579 TD (20 per cent elected, 40 per cent or 60 per cent )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (elected chamber were all also rejected, as was )Tj T* (the abolition of the Lords. An 80 per cent elected )Tj T* (chamber was approved by 38 votes but, to great )Tj T* (surprise, an all-elected chamber proved most )Tj T* (popular. This was backed by 337 votes to 224. In )Tj T* (the Lords all options were rejected except an all-)Tj T* (appointed House, which passed by 361 to 121.)Tj 0 -2.3593 TD (The Commons result appeared decisive, but )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (further examination is necessary. The division )Tj T* (lists showed that numerous known opponents )Tj T* (of upper house elections supported the all-)Tj T* (elected option. This was a wrecking tactic to )Tj T* (present the government with a dilemma and to )Tj T* (maximise con)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 6.1128 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ict with the expected result in the )]TJ -6.3628 -1.1796 TD (Lords. While an 80 per cent elected chamber )Tj T* (seems feasible \(albeit unattractive to many )Tj T* (in government\) an all-elected chamber is far )Tj T* (more dif)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 3.6123 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(cult. This would require the expulsion )]TJ -3.8623 -1.1796 TD (of the Bishops and the near-ending of non-)Tj T* (party representation. It would also be far more )Tj T* (likely to lead to challenges to the primacy of )Tj T* (the Commons. All this provides an unpalatable )Tj T* (prospect to a future Prime Minister. Add to it )Tj T* (that many on Labours benches oppose such )Tj T* (a move, a majority of Conservatives also )Tj T* (opposed it, and any in-principle support from )Tj T* (the Conservative side would probably dissolve if )Tj T* (Parliament was presented with a bill. The likeliest )Tj T* (outcome appears to be more all-party talks, more )Tj T* (consultation, and probably the )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 13.6206 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.2499 0 TD [( )27.8(fth white paper on )]TJ -13.8705 -1.1796 TD (the subject since Labour came to power.)Tj 0 -2.976 TD (ELECTIONS IN SCOTLAND AND WALES)Tj 0 -3.0778 TD (The UK constitution is an issue over which the )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (Scottish Parliament and National Assembly for )Tj T* (Wales have no legislative authority. Even the )Tj T* (domestic constitutions of Scotland and Wales )Tj T* ( issues such as the electoral system for devolved )Tj T* (elections are predominantly under the control )Tj T* (of Westminster. Nonetheless, when Scottish and )Tj T* (Welsh voters take to the polls on 3 May, how they )Tj T* (cast their ballots could have a signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 15.5087 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( cant )-27.8(impact )]TJ -15.7587 -1.1796 TD 0 Tw (on the future constitutional development of )Tj T* (the UK.)Tj 0 -2.3593 TD (The most headline-grabbing constitutional )Tj 0 -1.1796 TD (issue at stake is Scottish independence. As )Tj T* (discussed in the last )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 9.2826 0 TD (Monitor)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 3.3345 0 TD (, the SNP faces )Tj -12.6171 -1.1796 TD (a number of hurdles to achieve its aim even if )Tj T* (it emerges as the largest party on 4 May. The )Tj T* (more probable outcome is for a revisiting of the )Tj T* (devolution settlement with further legislative and )Tj /TT7 1 Tf T* ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(scal powers devolved to Edinburgh, possibly )]TJ -0.25 -1.1796 TD (following a second constitutional convention. This )Tj T* (is the preference of the Liberal Democrats, likely )Tj T* (kingmakers in post election government formation )Tj T* (negotiations. Labour stands opposed to reopening )Tj T* (the devolution settlement preferring to use the)Tj ET [0 2.9767 ]0 d /GS2 gs 487.894 320.72 m 641.197 320.72 l S []0 d 484.917 320.72 m 484.917 320.72 l 642.685 320.72 m 642.685 320.72 l S endstream endobj 26 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 41 0 R /Cs9 42 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS4 51 0 R /GS3 45 0 R /GS1 44 0 R /GS2 43 0 R >> /Font << /TT7 46 0 R /TT6 47 0 R /TT2 48 0 R /TT4 49 0 R /TT9 50 0 R >> >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 11122 >> stream /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS1 gs 16.02 20.465 615.118 732.047 re f 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs 616.965 764.309 14.173 147.652 re f 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 4 M []0 d /GS3 gs 1 i 65.39 46.671 m 603.028 46.671 l S q 0.015015 914 666.985 -914 re W n /Cs9 cs 0.1 scn /GS2 gs 631.138 20.465 35.862 732.047 re f Q 0 0 0 0.75 k /GS2 gs 431.012 444.953 171.968 21.26 re f /Cs9 cs 0.35 scn 64.209 731.252 171.969 21.26 re f /GS3 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 247.5162 713.8339 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (UK and devolved administrations deteriorate, )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (there may be a need for institutional reforms )Tj T* (in Whitehall and Westminster to develop )Tj T* (a more structured approach for inter-)Tj T* (institutional relations as both the SNP and )Tj T* (Scottish Liberal Democrat manifestos call for )Tj T* (\(p17 and p86\). To counter the development )Tj T* (of centrifugal forces in such circumstances, )Tj T* (the incoming Prime Minister may )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 14.7822 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(nd it all )]TJ -15.0322 -1.2275 TD (the more pressing to develop a coherent )Tj T* (narrative of Britishness, and to revive the )Tj T* (intergovernmental machinery for devolution )Tj T* (which Tony Blair has allowed to fall )Tj T* (into disuse.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -6.1377 TD (Major defeats in the Lords)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (While debate over Lords reform continues )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (\(see page 1\), the unreformed chamber has )Tj T* (been )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 2.5024 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(exing its muscles. At time of writing )]TJ -2.7524 -1.2275 TD (there had been 15 government defeats in the )Tj T* (chamber since the start of the parliamentary )Tj T* (session. That in itself is standard enough, but )Tj T* (in March the chamber de)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 11.061 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(ed convention in )]TJ -11.3111 -1.2275 TD (two different ways. First the second reading )Tj T* (of the Fraud \(Trials without a Jury\) Bill )Tj T* (was postponed for six months effectively )Tj T* (killing the bill in this session. The Lords has )Tj T* (repeatedly blocked restrictions on jury trials, )Tj T* (and the government has again stated a )Tj T* (commitment to press ahead, possibly using )Tj T* (the Parliament Acts. Second, the Lords )Tj T* (narrowly defeated a statutory instrument )Tj T* (on establishment of casinos only the )Tj T* (second such defeat since 1968. Despite the )Tj T* (Conservatives holding a free vote, opponents )Tj T* (defeated the government by three votes. Such )Tj T* (Lords activism may help discourage some )Tj T* (from introducing elections as these would )Tj T* (be likely to make the chamber more assertive )Tj T* (still. Ironically it is the Liberal Democrats who )Tj T* (both most ardently want reform and are also )Tj T* (pushing the boundaries of convention hardest.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The Units research on the Lords shows that )Tj 0 -1.2276 TD (government defeats there have a signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 17.0106 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( cant )]TJ -17.2606 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (impact on policy see page 7. Details of )Tj T* (all Lords defeats can also be found in the )Tj T* (Parliament section of the Unit website.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Compositional changes)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (There have also been further small changes )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (to the Lords composition in the early months )Tj T* (of 2007. In January it was announced that )Tj T* (a UKIP group was forming, made up of two )Tj T* (peers \(Lord Pearson of Rannoch and Lord )Tj T* (Willoughby de Broke\). Both were former )Tj T* (Conservatives who had the whip removed )Tj T* (in 2004. There are now seven parties )Tj T* (represented in the Lords. In February the )Tj /TT2 1 Tf 68 0 0 68 575.1533 794.3085 Tm (2)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 64.2087 820.0244 Tm (| THE CONSTITUTION UNIT MONITOR | ISSUE 36 | MAY 2007 |)Tj 8.35 0 0 8.35 82.92 739.1099 Tm (DEVOLVED ELECTIONS \(CONTD\))Tj ET 430.823 507.774 m 602.791 507.774 l S BT 8.35 0 0 8.35 430.8232 713.8339 Tm (Appointments Commission announced the )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (selection of six new non-party peers. This )Tj T* (makes the Crossbench group larger than the )Tj T* (Conservatives, and the second largest group )Tj T* (in the House.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.2754 TD (PASC report on Ethics and Standards)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (The Commons Public Administration )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (Committee \(PASC\) published this report at the )Tj T* (end of April. The committee recommended )Tj T* (that constitutional watchdogs should have )Tj T* (a closer relationship with Parliament, and )Tj T* (develop more collegiate relationships with )Tj T* (each other. The recommendations are to )Tj T* (be discussed at a private seminar with the )Tj T* (watchdogs to be held in June. )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0 -2.2754 TD (Ethics and Standards: the Regulation of )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (Conduct in Public Life \()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 10.2831 0 TD (April 2007, HC 121-I\))Tj /TT6 1 Tf -10.2831 -2.2754 TD (New Parliamentary Group)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (A new All Party Parliamentary Group for Legal )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (and Constitutional Affairs is being launched in )Tj T* (May, to be chaired by Lord Brennan QC.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -5.6886 TD (Ministry of Justice)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.2754 TD (On 29 March the Prime Minister announced )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (the establishment of a new Ministry of )Tj T* (Justice from 9 May. The new department will )Tj T* (inherit the functions of the Department for )Tj T* (Constitutional Affairs and will take on prisons, )Tj T* (probation, criminal law and sentencing from )Tj T* (the Home Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 5.6689 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(ce. This leaves the Home )]TJ -5.919 -1.1377 TD (Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 1.0557 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(ce in charge of police, counter-terrorism, )]TJ -1.3057 -1.1377 TD (immigration, passports and ID cards. There )Tj T* (will thus be a split between the justice and )Tj T* (order functions, leaving the Home Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 16.2862 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.2499 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( ce )-27.8(in )]TJ -16.536 -1.1377 TD 0 Tw (charge of internal security, and moving all the )Tj T* (justice functions to the expanded DCA.)Tj 0 -2.2755 TD (Departmental reorganisations can be very )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (distracting, and it will be a big challenge )Tj T* (for the DCA to absorb such major new )Tj T* (functions alongside its responsibilities for )Tj T* (the judiciary, court service and tribunals. )Tj T* (The new Ministry of Justice will command )Tj T* (more clout in Whitehall than did DCA or the )Tj T* (old Lord Chancellors Department, and it is )Tj T* (expected that it will be led by a Minister from )Tj T* (the Commons.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.2755 TD (Constitutional position of Attorney General)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (In December the Constitutional Affairs Select )Tj 0 -1.1377 TD (Committee \(CASC\) announced an inquiry )Tj T* (into the constitutional position of the Attorney )Tj T* (General. The terms of reference for the inquiry )Tj T* (are:)Tj 0.7186 -1.1377 TD (\(1\) To inquire into the constitutional role )Tj 1.6766 -1.1377 TD (of Attorney General, in particular to )Tj T* (consider what constitutional role the )Tj T* (Attorney should play in relation to the )Tj T* (upholding of the Rule of Law;)Tj ET /Cs9 cs 1 scn /GS2 gs 431.012 731.252 171.78 21.26 re f /GS3 gs BT /TT7 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 64.2086 714.0709 Tm 0 0 0 1 k ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(exibility in the Scotland Act to strengthen the )]TJ -0.25 -1.2275 TD (Scottish Parliament where necessary \(Scottish )Tj T* (Labour manifesto, p97\). The Tories, for their )Tj T* (part, have made various positive noises about )Tj /TT7 1 Tf T* ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(scal devolution which could prove popular )]TJ -0.25 -1.2275 TD (with critics of the Barnett formula among )Tj T* (the partys English supporters but their )Tj T* (overriding priority is to make better use of )Tj T* (the current powers to bene)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 11.896 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(t the people )]TJ -12.146 -1.2275 TD (of Scotland \(Scottish Conservative )Tj T* (manifesto, p17\).)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The debate in Wales is somewhat different in )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (that independence features in the Plaid Cymru )Tj T* (agenda as a long-term aspiration rather than a )Tj T* (policy priority. In the mean time, Plaid pledges )Tj T* (to push for a proper parliament for Wales )Tj T* (\(Plaid Cymru manifesto, p36\), by holding a )Tj T* (referendum on full primary legislative powers )Tj T* (for the Assembly as set out in Part 3 of the )Tj T* (Government of Wales Act 2006 \(GOWA\). )Tj T* (In moving swiftly to full primary devolution )Tj T* ( which would require a two-thirds majority in )Tj T* (the Assembly, plus the consent of Westminster )Tj T* ( Plaid has the explicit backing of the Liberal )Tj T* (Democrats but not the Conservatives or )Tj T* (Labour. As set out in GOWA, until such a )Tj T* (referendum is held and won, the Assembly )Tj T* (will be granted legislative competence on an )Tj T* (issue-by-issue basis by the UK Parliament. )Tj T* (This form of incremental constitutional )Tj T* (development will proceed whichever parties )Tj T* (are in government in Cardiff and Westminster. )Tj T* (What is unclear is how fast and how contested )Tj T* (this process will be. If Plaid and the LibDems )Tj T* (get their way, for instance, the Assembly )Tj T* (will request powers to introduce proportional )Tj T* (representation for local elections, which )Tj T* (Labour is expected to block.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The Single Transferable Vote \(STV\) has )Tj 0 -1.2276 TD (already been introduced by the Scottish )Tj T* (Parliament in time for Mays council elections. )Tj T* (STV is also favoured for elections to the )Tj T* (Scottish Parliament and National Assembly by )Tj T* (LibDems and nationalists, but appears unlikely )Tj T* (in the face of Labour and Conservative hostility )Tj T* (at Westminster, where any such reform would )Tj T* (have to be implemented. The same goes for )Tj T* (changes to the size of the Welsh Assembly, )Tj T* (which Plaid and the LibDems want to increase. )Tj T* (In Scotland, meanwhile, the Tories back a )Tj T* (reduction in the number of MSPs to 108, )Tj T* (reinstating the original Scotland Act provisions )Tj T* (for the number of Scottish Parliament and )Tj T* (Westminster constituencies to be the same.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (Finally, the devolved elections may have a )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (constitutional impact in two less direct ways. )Tj T* (First, a resurgence of nationalism in the )Tj T* (Celtic fringe might give added impetus to its )Tj T* (English counterpart, by sparking debate on )Tj T* (issues such as the West Lothian Question and )Tj T* (Barnett formula. 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Lord )Tj T* (Falconer posited three possible models:)Tj 0.7186 -1.2275 TD [(1. )-287(The current model: combines ministerial )]TJ 1.6766 -1.2275 TD (and non-ministerial role, and serves )Tj T* (as a politician in Parliament \(either the )Tj T* (Commons or Lords\).)Tj -1.6766 -1.2275 TD [(2. )-287(Similar to the position of the Lord )]TJ 1.6766 -1.2275 TD (Advocate in Scotland. The Attorney )Tj T* (General is a member of the Commons or )Tj T* (Lords, but is non-political.)Tj -1.6766 -1.2275 TD [(3. )-287(The Attorney is not a politician or a )]TJ 1.6766 -1.2275 TD (member of either House, but provides )Tj T* (legal advice, has superintendence of the )Tj T* (prosecution role and has a propriety and )Tj T* (public interest role.)Tj -2.3952 -2.4551 TD (The Committee is now seeking written )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (evidence about the three potential options.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.4012 TD (Towards a new public service compact?)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (In response to certain high-pro)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 13.5635 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( le )-27.9(episodes, )]TJ -13.8135 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (the Home Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 5.6689 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(ce has drawn up a Compact )]TJ -5.9189 -1.2275 TD (between Ministers and the Home Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 15.9521 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( ce )]TJ -16.2021 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (Board. Ministers are to set overall strategy )Tj T* (and policy, hold of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 8.061 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(cials accountable for )]TJ -8.311 -1.2275 TD (delivery, and account to Parliament and the )Tj T* (public for policy and delivery. Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 14.1733 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( cials, )-27.8(on )]TJ -14.4233 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (the other hand, are responsible for advice )Tj T* (and delivery, and increasingly answering )Tj T* (externally for operational matters. )Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (PASC however, is sceptical as to whether )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (the exercise will work. In )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 11.1148 0 TD (Politics and )Tj -11.1148 -1.2275 TD (Administration: Ministers and Civil Servants)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 19.229 0 TD ( )Tj -19.229 -1.2275 TD (\(HC 122-1\), it )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 6.2793 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(nds that there are strains )]TJ -6.5293 -1.2275 TD (on the system, but that under our current )Tj T* (constitutional arrangements, there will never )Tj T* (be precise clarity about the boundaries of )Tj T* (ministerial accountability. Nevertheless, there )Tj T* (could be more: there is a code for ministers; )Tj T* (and a code for civil servants. What is lacking )Tj T* (is a code for ministers and civil servants. The )Tj T* (committee )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 4.8901 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(nds scope for civil servants to )]TJ -5.1401 -1.2276 TD (become more visible: civil servants could be )Tj T* (considerably more accountable to Parliament )Tj T* (without threatening the doctrine of ministerial )Tj T* (accountability.)Tj /TT9 1 Tf 21.9925 74.8263 TD (An End to Sofa Government)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 12.5073 0 TD (, a report by )Tj -12.5073 -1.2275 TD (the Conservative Democracy Task Force, )Tj T* (has similar doubts about the status quo: )Tj T* (the doctrine of ministerial responsibility )Tj T* (clearly cannot be applied universally in )Tj T* (the complex and large-scale operations of )Tj T* (modern government. And it proposes similar )Tj T* (remedies: the Permanent Secretary should be )Tj T* (accountable to Parliament for management )Tj T* (issues, just as they answer to Parliament as )Tj T* (Accounting Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 6.2813 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( cer )-27.8(on )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 3.3072 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( nancial )-27.9(matters.)]TJ -10.0885 -2.4551 TD 0 Tw (The Democracy Task Force also advocates a )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (strengthened Ministerial Code, independence )Tj T* (for the Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 4.1685 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ce of National Statistics, )]TJ -4.4185 -1.2275 TD (parliamentary approval to commit troops )Tj T* (to areas of con)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 6.6152 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(ict and like PASC, a Civil )]TJ -6.8652 -1.2275 TD (Service Act.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.4012 TD (Privy Council Of)Tj /TT10 1 Tf 7.7793 0 TD ()Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0.3054 0 TD 0.0276 Tw [( ce)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf -8.0847 -2.4551 TD 0 Tw (The Privy Council Of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 9.1694 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ce was abolished from 2 )]TJ -9.4194 -1.2275 TD (April. The Secretariat to the Privy Council and )Tj T* (the of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 2.502 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ce of the Judicial Committee moved )]TJ -2.752 -1.2275 TD (to the Constitution Directorate of the DCA. )Tj T* (The Privy Council Secretariat is responsible )Tj T* (for Proclamations and Orders in Council, )Tj T* (and for the affairs of chartered bodies, the )Tj T* (400 or so institutions which are incorporated )Tj T* (by Royal Charter. The Judicial Committee )Tj T* (provides a )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 4.8916 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(nal court of appeal from small )]TJ -5.1416 -1.2275 TD (Commonwealth countries, and from medical )Tj T* (and other professional disciplinary bodies )Tj T* (in the UK. Both bodies retain their separate )Tj T* (identity, and will continue to report to the Lord )Tj T* (President of the Council, Baroness Amos. Her )Tj T* (ministerial of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 5.6128 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ce moved to the Cabinet Of)]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 12.4234 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( ce.)]TJ /TT6 1 Tf -18.5361 -2.4012 TD 0 Tw (Gordon Browns constitutional agenda)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Gordon Brown is likely to give fresh impetus )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (to the constitutional reform agenda. His plans )Tj T* (are likely to include a range of measures to )Tj T* (restore trust, such as a revised Ministerial )Tj T* (Code, a Civil Service Act, and a strengthening )Tj T* (of constitutional watchdogs. To reduce )Tj T* (prime ministerial patronage he might divest )Tj T* (some of the prerogative powers, such as the )Tj T* (appointment of bishops, and introduce tighter )Tj T* (parliamentary regulation of the remainder, )Tj T* (such as going to war. As part of his interest in )Tj T* (Britishness he may set in train work towards a )Tj T* (British bill of rights. Machinery of government )Tj T* (changes could include strengthening the )Tj T* (central government machinery to handle )Tj T* (devolution, to help counter Scottish )Tj T* (nationalism; and possibly the establishment of )Tj T* (a constitutional convention to address other )Tj T* -0.0014 Tw (items of un)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 4.8883 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.2501 0 TD -0.0014 Tw [( )26.4(nished business such as reform of )]TJ -5.1383 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (the House of Lords. These could be packaged )Tj T* (as further steps towards a written constitution.)Tj ET 431.295 731.252 171.496 21.26 re f 64.209 368.167 m 235.705 368.167 l S BT /TT6 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 431.2952 713.8339 Tm (Party Funding Review)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Sir Hayden Phillips completed his review )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (of the funding of political parties in March. )Tj T* (After being granted an extension, Sir Hayden )Tj T* -0.0038 Tw (Phillips reported that a full agreement is within )Tj T* 0 Tw (reach but not in our immediate grasp.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The main points of contention were the idea )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (of limits on donations to political parties and )Tj T* (the means by which party expenditure may )Tj T* (be reduced and controlled. On donations, )Tj T* (the review suggested that a cap of 50,000 )Tj T* (was reasonable whether donated by an )Tj T* -0.0047 Tw (individual or an organisation. This is supported )Tj T* 0 Tw (by the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats. )Tj T* (The Labour Party is reluctant to agree to )Tj T* (such a limit for fear of damaging its links )Tj T* (with the trade unions. However the review )Tj T* (suggested that such a cap need not challenge )Tj T* (the Labour Partys constitutional relationship )Tj T* (with the unions. So long as the decisions and )Tj T* (donations made by trade union members to )Tj T* (make payments to the party are transparent, )Tj T* (and can be clearly traced to an individual, )Tj T* (then it would be reasonable to regard such )Tj T* (payments as individual donations. On )Tj T* (reducing total party expenditure, the review )Tj T* (recommended that spending by the two main )Tj T* (political parties should be reduced by 20 )Tj T* (million over the length of a full Parliament. )Tj T* (However, the period and geographic )Tj T* (scope over which campaign expenditure )Tj T* (should be limited could not be agreed. The )Tj T* (Conservatives are reluctant to move from the )Tj T* (present 365-day campaign expenditure limits )Tj T* (and strongly opposed any new limits to local )Tj T* (campaign expenditure.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (More speci)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 4.8906 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(c recommendations were made )]TJ -5.1406 -1.2275 TD (on public funding; the review recommended )Tj T* (an increase of 20-25 million. Additional )Tj T* (funding would be provided through a matched )Tj T* (funding scheme and payments linked to )Tj T* (performance at elections. Under Phillips )Tj T* (proposals, parties would receive 50p every )Tj T* (year for each vote in the most recent general )Tj T* (election and 25p for each vote in the most )Tj T* (recent elections for the European Parliament )Tj T* (or devolved bodies. The matched funding )Tj T* (scheme would see the establishment of an )Tj T* (on-line subscriber scheme in which donations )Tj T* (of 5 or more would be matched with 5 of )Tj T* (state funding.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The review also recommended changes )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (required of the Electoral Commission, with )Tj T* (new statutory powers of investigation and )Tj T* (a more effective and graduated range of )Tj T* -0.0059 Tw (sanctions to penalise breaches. Such changes )Tj T* 0 Tw (would require signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 8.3379 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( cant )-27.9(organisational )]TJ -8.5879 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (change and resources, indeed Sir Hayden )Tj T* (costed the changes at 3-4 million.)Tj ET 0 0 0 0.75 k /GS2 gs 64.209 731.252 355.276 21.26 re f BT 8.35 0 0 8.35 464.6172 739.3459 Tm 0 0 0 0 k (ELECTIONS AND PARTIES)Tj ET /GS3 gs 247.516 512.026 m 419.012 512.026 l 247.516 317.852 m 419.012 317.852 l 247.516 88.955 m 419.012 88.955 l 431.295 706.907 m 602.791 706.907 l S endstream endobj 30 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 41 0 R /Cs9 42 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS4 51 0 R /GS3 45 0 R /GS1 44 0 R /GS2 43 0 R >> /Font << /TT7 46 0 R /TT6 47 0 R /TT2 48 0 R /TT4 49 0 R /TT9 50 0 R >> >> endobj 31 0 obj << /Length 10870 >> stream q 1 i 0.015015 914 666.985 -914 re W n /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS1 gs 631.138 20.465 35.862 732.047 re f Q /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS1 gs 16.02 20.465 615.118 732.047 re f /GS4 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 64.2086 714.0709 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (Sir Hayden recognised that any agreement )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (on party funding presents uncomfortable )Tj T* (challenges for the largest parties and that his )Tj T* (review has done all that an independent third )Tj T* (party can do in this area. In May and June )Tj T* (he is chairing talks between the three largest )Tj T* (parties on the areas of dispute, with )Tj T* (a deadline of end June to reach an )Tj T* (overall agreement.)Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Strengthening Democracy: Fair and )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (Sustainable Funding of Political Parties, )Tj T* (The Review of the Funding of Political Parties)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 20.1767 0 TD ( )Tj -20.1767 -1.2275 TD (\(March 2007\) at: www.partyfundingreview.)Tj T* (gov.uk/)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 3.2241 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( les/strengthening_democracy.pdf)]TJ /TT6 1 Tf -3.4741 -2.4551 TD 0 Tw (Tougher regulation by the Electoral )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (Commission but not quite yet and not )Tj T* (too much)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (The Electoral Commission will raise its game )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (from monitor to more pro-active regulator of )Tj T* (electoral administration and party funding, in )Tj T* (response to criticisms and suggestions from )Tj T* (three heavyweight committees, the Commons )Tj T* (Constitutional Affairs Select Committee )Tj T* (\()Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0.333 0 TD (Party Funding)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.2256 0 TD (, December 2006, HC 163-)Tj -6.5586 -1.2275 TD (I\), the Committee on Standards in Public )Tj T* (Life \()Tj /TT9 1 Tf 2.2231 0 TD (Review of The Electoral Commission)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 16.3388 0 TD (, )Tj -18.562 -1.2275 TD (January 2007, Cm 7006\) and the Phillips )Tj T* (review of party funding \(see above\). )Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The Commission was stung by charges of )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (weakness and lack of leadership made by )Tj T* (CSPL chairman Sir Alistair Graham over its )Tj T* (regulatory stance, in particular over failing )Tj T* (to have its warnings on postal voting fraud )Tj T* (heeded, and its alleged passive approach to )Tj T* (administering party funding rules in the light of )Tj T* (the cash for peerages controversy.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (In a measured reply at a Constitution Unit )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (seminar, Sam Younger, Electoral Commission )Tj T* (chairman, announced a more risk based )Tj T* (and pro-active approach, involving )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 15.7314 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( nancial )]TJ -15.9814 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (penalties for irregularities such as late )Tj T* (reporting of election spending, which up to )Tj T* (now have received only a reprimand because )Tj T* (of gaps in the Commissions powers.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The Commissions regionally-based )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (compliance units have been conducting dip )Tj T* (stick sampling during elections in all parts of )Tj T* (the UK over the past three months, and will )Tj T* (report soon. But the Commission remains in )Tj T* (a dilemma which only the government and )Tj T* (the political parties can )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 10.4502 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(nally resolve. It is )]TJ -10.7002 -1.2275 TD (caught between general demands for tougher )Tj T* (regulation, and the governments continuing )Tj T* (resistance to particular measures such as )Tj T* (individual voter registration for Great Britain, )Tj T* (and the failure of the main parties to agree on )Tj T* (how to implement the spending and funding )Tj T* (caps recommended by Sir Hayden Phillips.)Tj ET 64.209 731.252 171.969 21.26 re f 616.965 764.309 14.173 147.652 re f 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 4 M []0 d /GS3 gs 1 i 65.39 46.671 m 603.027 46.671 l 64.209 522.655 m 236.177 522.655 l S BT /TT6 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 247.8462 714.0709 Tm (Labour Under Pressure in Scotland )Tj T* (and Wales)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (The )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 2.001 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rst months of 2007 in Scotland and )]TJ -2.251 -1.2275 TD (Wales were dominated by the approaching )Tj T* (National Assembly and Scottish Parliament )Tj T* (elections. The third devolved elections are )Tj T* (expected to produce some change in the )Tj T* (political balance in the two legislatures. In )Tj T* (Wales, unlike in Scotland, Labour faces no )Tj T* (serious challenge for the status of largest )Tj T* (party, but is widely expected to lose ground )Tj T* (nonetheless. The Welsh election will also )Tj T* (produce a National Assembly that inherits )Tj T* (the enhanced powers granted it in the 2006 )Tj T* (Government of Wales Act.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (In both Scotland and Wales, a Labour party )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (on the defensive resorted to negative election )Tj T* (campaign strategies, aimed at raising voters )Tj T* (fears. In Scotland, the SNP have played )Tj T* (the role of bogeyman in chief, with Labour )Tj T* (stoking fears that an SNP victory would lead )Tj T* (to political instability and economic disaster. In )Tj T* (Wales, by contrast, the potential turmoil of an )Tj T* (independence referendum was not a plausible )Tj T* (possibility. Instead, Welsh Labour focussed )Tj T* (on the danger of a return to political power )Tj T* (of the Conservative party. To this end, both )Tj T* (Margaret Thatcher and John Redwood out )Tj T* (of of)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 1.9458 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ce for well over a decade received )]TJ -2.1958 -1.2275 TD (prominent mentions in the Labour manifesto, )Tj T* (while Labour attempted to talk up both the )Tj T* (Conservatives electoral prospects and the )Tj T* (likelihood of a post-election coalition deal )Tj T* (between Plaid Cymru and the Conservatives. )Tj T* (At time of writing it remained to be seen )Tj T* (whether Labours campaign strategies would )Tj T* (pay dividends, just as it remained uncertain )Tj T* (whether the main opposition parties would be )Tj T* (able to make serious inroads into the electoral )Tj T* (position of what has long been the dominant )Tj T* (party in both devolved territories. With a week )Tj T* (of campaigning to go, polls suggested that )Tj T* (Labour would lose its largest party status in )Tj T* (Scotland and fall back considerably from the )Tj T* (40 per cent of the vote the party received )Tj T* (in 2003.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Devolution and the Centre)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (The )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 2.001 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rst quarter of 2007 has seen a )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 13.8696 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( urry )-27.8(of )]TJ -16.3706 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (debate on the future of the United Kingdom, )Tj T* (brought about in particular by the 300th )Tj T* (Anniversary of the Anglo-Scottish Treaty of )Tj T* (Union in January and the election battle north )Tj T* -0.002 Tw (of the border between Labour and the Scottish )Tj T* 0 Tw (nationalists. )Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (From the perspective of the centre, the )Tj 0 -1.2276 TD (key questions raised related to the place of )Tj T* (England and the role of Westminster in a )Tj T* (devolved United Kingdom. Polls conducted on )Tj T* (these issues so far this year have found some)Tj /TT2 1 Tf 68 0 0 68 575.1533 794.3084 Tm (4)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 430.8232 713.8339 Tm (further evidence of English dissatisfaction with )Tj T* (the constitutional status quo. For instance, )Tj T* (two polls in January found 51 per cent and )Tj T* (61 per cent backing for a separate English )Tj T* (parliament, and a third in April for St Georges )Tj T* (Day revealed 67 per cent support. But all )Tj T* (three polls asked a somewhat loaded question )Tj T* (with a simple yes/no choice rather than )Tj T* (offering policy alternatives. The issue remains )Tj T* (of low political salience, and with virtually no )Tj T* (interest among MPs, Westminster Englands )Tj T* (Parliament for over 700 years seems )Tj T* (unlikely to face a rival English legislature any )Tj T* (time soon.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The secession of Scotland from the UK )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (also remains improbable. Nonetheless, the )Tj T* (UK government will view an SNP victory )Tj T* (with concern, as it would herald an era )Tj T* (of potentially stormier intergovernmental )Tj T* (relations. The SNP manifesto pledges to )Tj T* (block the construction of new nuclear power )Tj T* (stations in Scotland, and to open negotiations )Tj T* (with Westminster/Whitehall on control of )Tj T* (oil and gas )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 5.1147 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(elds and on the creation of a )]TJ -5.3648 -1.2275 TD (separate Scottish civil service. Rows also )Tj T* (loom over issues including the deployment of )Tj T* (nuclear weapons in Scotland, and the budget )Tj T* (implications of the SNPs planned abolition of )Tj T* (council tax.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (UK-Wales relations are also about to enter a )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (new era. From May, the National Assembly )Tj T* (will be able to request legislative powers )Tj T* (from Westminster on a case by case basis )Tj T* (by means of Orders in Council under the )Tj T* (provisions of the Government of Wales Act )Tj T* (2006. Such powers can also be granted by )Tj T* (Acts of Parliament. Extensive coordination )Tj T* (between the institutions in London and Cardiff )Tj T* (will be vital to keep this system running )Tj T* (smoothly, particularly if Labour fails to retain )Tj T* (power in Wales.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Northern Ireland)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (Yet another )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 5.6704 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )28(nal Northern Ireland deadline )]TJ -5.9204 -1.2275 TD (came and went, but this time devolution )Tj T* (looked set, at last, to be restored, 55 months )Tj T* (after it collapsed in October 2002, following )Tj T* (revelations of an IRA spy ring at Stormont.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (It was evident that devolution would not return )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (unless the ambiguous relationship between )Tj T* (Sinn Fin and the rule of law was resolved. )Tj T* (After the belated announcement of an end )Tj T* (to the IRA campaign in 2005 and associated )Tj T* (decommissioning, the remaining step was to )Tj T* (endorse the new institutions of policing and )Tj T* (justice in Northern Ireland. This duly took )Tj T* (place at a special )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 8.0048 0 TD (ard fheis)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 3.8354 0 TD ( \(conference\) )Tj -11.8402 -1.2275 TD (called by SF in January 2007.)Tj 8.5 0 0 8.5 64.2087 820.0243 Tm (| THE CONSTITUTION UNIT MONITOR | ISSUE 36 | MAY 2007 |)Tj ET /GS2 gs BT 8.35 0 0 8.35 97.5304 738.4009 Tm 0 0 0 0 k (ELECTIONS AND PARTIES)Tj ET /Cs9 cs 1 scn 247.516 731.252 355.276 21.26 re f BT 8.35 0 0 8.35 306.3582 738.4009 Tm 0 0 0 0 k (DEVOLUTION)Tj ET /GS3 gs 247.516 696.986 m 419.484 696.986 l 247.516 204.467 m 419.484 204.467 l 430.823 255.963 m 602.791 255.963 l S endstream endobj 32 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 41 0 R /Cs9 42 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS2 43 0 R /GS4 51 0 R /GS3 45 0 R >> /Font << /TT7 46 0 R /TT6 47 0 R /TT2 48 0 R /TT4 49 0 R /TT9 50 0 R >> >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Length 10779 >> stream 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs 616.965 764.309 26.457 131.589 re f 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 4 M []0 d /GS3 gs 1 i 65.39 46.671 m 603.028 46.671 l S /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS2 gs 35.862 20.465 614.173 732.047 re f /GS3 gs 65.39 46.671 m 603.028 46.671 l S q 0.015015 914 666.985 -914 re W n /Cs9 cs 0.1 scn /GS2 gs 0.015015 20.465 35.847 732.047 re f /GS3 gs BT /TT2 1 Tf 68 0 0 68 -20.1226 794.3084 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (4)Tj ET Q BT /TT2 1 Tf 68 0 0 68 577.0433 794.3084 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (5)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 64.2087 820.0243 Tm (| ISSN 14654377 |)Tj 8.35 0 0 8.35 64.2087 713.8339 Tm (The ball was then in the court of the )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (Democratic Unionist Party, whose electoral )Tj T* (strength had advanced in lock-step with that )Tj T* (of SF as Protestant insecurity grew since the )Tj T* (peace process began in the early 90s. A )Tj T* -0.0047 Tw (combination of inducements in the St Andrews )Tj T* 0 Tw (agreement notably provision for deadlocking )Tj T* (vetoes and the separation of the conjoined )Tj /TT7 1 Tf T* ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(rst and deputy )]TJ /TT7 1 Tf 6.8652 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(rst minister and the )]TJ -7.3652 -1.2275 TD (threat of joint British-Irish stewardship over )Tj T* (Northern Ireland impelled the DUP towards )Tj T* (acceptance of a loveless marriage with SF.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The two parties duly prevailed in the assembly )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (election on 7 March, eclipsing the former )Tj T* (custodians of what passes for the centre )Tj T* (ground in Northern Ireland, the UUP and )Tj T* (the SDLP. A pre-election poll highlighted )Tj T* (the sheer contempt of most Northern Ireland )Tj T* (citizens for the politicians of the other side )Tj T* (and scepticism as to whether they could )Tj T* (work together.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (Despite the repeated insistence by ministers )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (in London and Dublin that a devolved )Tj T* (government must be formed by 26 March, or )Tj T* (the assembly would be disbanded and MLAs )Tj T* (put out of work, the DUP was able to spare its )Tj T* (blushes and ease internal unrest by securing )Tj T* (a postponement to 8 May. Meantime, )Tj T* (however, there was another historic Northern )Tj T* (Ireland media moment to sustain momentum, )Tj T* (with an appearance \(almost\) together at )Tj T* (Stormont by the DUP leader, Rev Ian Paisley, )Tj T* (and the SF president, Gerry Adams. )Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (Soon thereafter, the parties indicatively )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (divided the spoils by running the dHondt rule: )Tj T* (the departments were distributed four to the )Tj T* (DUP, three to SF, two to the Ulster Unionist )Tj T* (Party and one to the SDLP. A bulging in-tray )Tj T* (of controversial issues will confront the new )Tj T* (ministers, including the future of academic )Tj T* (selection, legislation on the Irish language )Tj T* (and water charges.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The question remained as to whether the new )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (leaders would become immersed in these )Tj T* (practical problems and thrash out solutions )Tj T* (together, or whether they would see them )Tj T* (as trials of strength in the continuing ethnic )Tj T* (power-struggle over their opposing ultimate )Tj T* (constitutional goals.)Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Agreement at St Andrews)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 11.3945 0 TD ( \(13 October 2006\), )Tj -11.3945 -1.2275 TD (at: www.nio.gov.uk/st_andrews_agreement.)Tj T* (pdf)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 21.953 68.7424 TD (English Regions)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (The high pro)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 5.6147 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(le debates and controversies )]TJ -5.8647 -1.2275 TD (that arose in respect of sub-national )Tj T* (governance and policy in England during )Tj T* (the last four months continued to point up )Tj T* (signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 2.0566 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(cant differences in the attention focused )]TJ -2.3066 -1.2275 TD (upon the south eastern core as against the )Tj T* (rest of England. Headlines were variously )Tj T* (grabbed in the popular and trade press by )Tj T* (steep increases in the projected cost of the )Tj T* (London Olympics, the further strengthening )Tj T* (of the powers of London government )Tj T* (and attempts by representatives of key, )Tj T* (designated housing growth areas to in)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 16.9003 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( ate )-27.8(the )]TJ -17.1503 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (price tag placed on delivery of the sustainable )Tj T* (communities the Government wishes to see in )Tj T* (the south east. 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Less publicised than Olympic )Tj T* 0 Tw (overspending or the still-born Manchester )Tj T* (casino was the evidence unearthed by the )Tj T* (Committee that public spending in each )Tj T* (of Englands strongest-performing regions )Tj T* ( London, the South East and the East of )Tj T* (England has grown faster than in any other )Tj T* (region during a period in which Government )Tj T* (has been formally committed to reducing the )Tj T* (gap in economic growth rates between the )Tj T* (regions. Whilst the Committee was agreed )Tj T* (that the Government should try harder on the )Tj T* (issue of aligning its spending behaviour to )Tj T* (its spatial development priorities, however, )Tj T* (the evidence it received on the more speci)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 18.7329 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.2499 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( c )]TJ -18.9829 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (issue of sub-national institutional performance )Tj T* (and reform con)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 6.7256 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rmed just how little consensus )]TJ -6.9756 -1.2275 TD (there is about the way in which governance )Tj T* (between the national and the local level is )Tj T* (best organised.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (All of which means that the Governments )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (future approach to sub-national governance )Tj T* (and policy in England still depends )Tj T* (substantially on the completion of the ongoing )Tj T* (sub-national review of economic development)Tj 22.0094 77.3353 TD (and regeneration and the way its )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 14.7876 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( ndings )-27.9(are )]TJ -15.0376 -1.2275 TD 0 Tw (dealt with in this autumns Comprehensive )Tj T* (Spending Review.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.4551 TD (Local Government Bill)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (The Local Government and Public )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (Involvement in Health Bill introduces new )Tj T* (leadership arrangements and possible )Tj T* (restructuring of local councils. All but smaller )Tj T* (authorities must adopt one of three models: )Tj T* (directly-elected mayor, directly-elected )Tj T* -0.0065 Tw (executive or indirectly-elected leader. Councils )Tj T* 0 Tw (will be able to adopt all-out elections every )Tj T* (four years, and can opt for single-member )Tj T* (wards. The government will be able to invite )Tj T* (or direct local authorities to make proposals )Tj T* (for establishing unitary authorities in two tier )Tj T* (areas. )Tj 0 -6.1377 TD (The governments consultation on the )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (proposal to amend the fees regime of the FOI )Tj T* (Act 2000 ended on 8 March and attracted )Tj T* (over 200 responses. If put in place, the new )Tj T* (regulations would amend the appropriate )Tj T* (limit \(the point at which requests can be )Tj T* (refused on the grounds of cost\) of replying )Tj T* (to FOI requests to include reading time. In )Tj T* (addition, the regulations would allow the cost )Tj T* (of non-similar requests to be aggregated. )Tj T* (Aggregating requests \(over a three month )Tj T* (period\) would effectively preclude journalists )Tj T* (from making any signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 9.7261 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(cant use of the Act as )]TJ -9.9761 -1.2276 TD (they or their organisation would quickly reach )Tj T* (the 600 limit.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (The government position seems to have )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (softened somewhat since the draft regulations )Tj T* (were published. It was expected that the )Tj T* (regulations would be laid before Parliament )Tj T* (shortly after the consultation closed; however, )Tj T* (the government launched a supplementary )Tj T* (consultation paper on 29 March, which is due )Tj T* (to close on 21 June. Martin Rosenbaum of the )Tj T* (BBC noted that Lord Falconer had hinted at )Tj T* (a slight change in the governments attitude )Tj T* (in a memorial lecture for Lord Williams of )Tj T* (Mostyn when he suggested that genuinely )Tj T* (different requests should not be aggregated. )Tj T* (Campaigners and journalists have reacted )Tj T* (strongly against the proposed regulations and )Tj T* (a Commons early day motion about the new )Tj T* (regulations has gained the support of more )Tj T* (than 130 MPs.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (In a special evidence session with the )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (Constitutional Affairs Committee on 17 April, )Tj T* (Information Commissioner Richard Thomas )Tj T* (reaf)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 1.7231 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rmed his concern about the proposals: )]TJ -1.9731 -1.2275 TD (The amount of what I call genuinely public )Tj T* (interest information that would be released)Tj ET /Cs9 cs 1 scn /GS2 gs 64.209 731.252 538.583 21.26 re f 0.35 scn 431.295 495.976 171.969 21.26 re f /GS3 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 458.0182 503.2529 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (FREEDOM OF INFORMATION)Tj ET 21.689 764.309 14.173 147.652 re f 64.209 129.348 m 235.705 129.348 l 248.224 706.199 m 419.721 706.199 l 431.295 665.805 m 602.791 665.805 l S endstream endobj 34 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 41 0 R /Cs9 42 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS4 51 0 R /GS3 45 0 R /GS1 44 0 R /GS2 43 0 R >> /Font << /TT6 47 0 R /TT2 48 0 R /TT7 46 0 R /TT4 49 0 R >> >> endobj 35 0 obj << /Length 9078 >> stream q 1 i 0.015015 914 666.985 -914 re W n /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS1 gs 631.138 20.465 35.862 732.047 re f Q /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS1 gs 16.02 16.213 615.118 732.047 re f /GS4 gs BT /TT2 1 Tf 68 0 0 68 575.1533 794.3085 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (6)Tj ET /Cs9 cs 0.35 scn /GS1 gs 64.209 731.252 171.969 21.26 re f 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs 616.965 764.309 14.173 147.652 re f BT /TT4 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 64.2087 820.0244 Tm (| THE CONSTITUTION UNIT MONITOR | ISSUE 36 | MAY 2007 |)Tj 8.35 0 0 8.35 64.2086 713.3619 Tm (into the public domain will be signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 15.1196 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( cantly )]TJ -15.3696 -1.2874 TD 0 Tw (reduced. The Commissioner said that )Tj T* (freedom of information was not proving to )Tj T* (be burdensome for public authorities and )Tj T* (raised the question of why section 14 of the )Tj T* (Act \(for dealing with repeat and vexatious )Tj T* (requesters\) had not been used more often )Tj T* (if there was a problem with those type of )Tj T* (requests, which the governments draft )Tj T* (regulations are designed to counter.)Tj 0 -2.5749 TD (In another attempt to limit the scope of the )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (Freedom of Information Act, Conservative )Tj T* (MP David Maclean has introduced a )Tj T* (Private Members Bill that would exempt )Tj T* (Parliament from the provisions of the Act. )Tj T* (As well as excluding both Houses from the )Tj T* (scope of the Act, Maclean seeks to exempt )Tj T* (communications between MPs and public )Tj T* (authorities. The Freedom of Information )Tj T* (\(Amendment\) Bill was introduced on 18 )Tj T* (December 2006 and granted a Second )Tj T* (Reading \(19 January 2007\) before )Tj T* (proceeding unopposed to its Committee )Tj T* (Stage \(7 February\). During the Report )Tj T* (Stage on 20 April, several MPs who )Tj T* (oppose Macleans proposed bill blocked it )Tj T* (through )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 3.6694 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(libuster. However, the issue is not )]TJ -3.9194 -1.2874 TD (necessarily closed. It may go up for debate )Tj T* (again on Friday 27 April. Opposition to the )Tj T* (bill is being led by Norman Baker \(Lib Dem\).)Tj 0 -2.5748 TD (The situation is somewhat different in )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (Scotland where, after a thorough review of )Tj T* (the FOI \(Scotland\) Act 2002, the Minister )Tj T* (for Parliamentary Business announced )Tj T* (that there was no conclusive evidence to )Tj T* (justify any change to the fees regime. The )Tj T* (minister gathered initial views on extending )Tj T* (the Act to include some bodies which are )Tj T* (not Scottish public authorities; a more )Tj T* (detailed examination of this matter will begin )Tj T* (in the summer. The Scottish Information )Tj T* (Commissioner, Kevin Dunion, also published )Tj T* (his annual report which showed that public )Tj T* (awareness of FOI in Scotland had increased )Tj T* (from 47 percent in 2005 to 72 percent in 2006. )Tj T* (Two thirds of appeals to the Commissioner )Tj T* -0.0014 Tw (were made by ordinary members of the public.)Tj 0 -2.5748 TD 0 Tw (Beyond the UK, the European Commission )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (is to launch a consultation in spring 2007 )Tj T* (on the regime for access to documents of )Tj T* (the European institutions. The responses )Tj T* (will be taken into account when drafting the )Tj T* (proposal for the amendment of Regulation )Tj T* (1049/2001, which presently regulates access )Tj T* (to information held by European institutions.)Tj 21.9925 73.3832 TD (The EU Constitutional Treaty designed )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (for the enlarged Union but dormant since its )Tj T* (rejection in French and Dutch referenda in )Tj T* (2005 may spring back into life in reduced )Tj T* (form. At his last EU Summit on June 21 and )Tj T* (22, Tony Blair will support German Chancellor )Tj T* (Angela Merkels revival plan by abandoning )Tj T* (his pledge for a UK referendum, on condition )Tj T* (that the treaty proposals are scaled down and )Tj T* -0.002 Tw (the stalled Lisbon agenda for economic reform )Tj T* 0 Tw (is adopted.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (Blairs version of a shorter treaty not requiring )Tj 0 -1.2276 TD (a referendum would include a permanent EU )Tj T* (President, a Foreign Minister, an extension )Tj T* (of quali)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 3.2246 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ed majority voting, more subsidiarity )]TJ -3.4746 -1.2276 TD (to national parliaments and a slimmed down )Tj T* (Commission. It would leave out constitutional )Tj T* (characteristics such as a legal personality )Tj T* (able to override national courts, a charter of )Tj T* (fundamental rights and the incorporation of all )Tj T* (previous treaties in a single document.)Tj 0 -2.4551 TD (Although it is believed the referendum idea )Tj 0 -1.2275 TD (had )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 1.9463 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(rst been urged on the Prime Minister )]TJ -2.1963 -1.2275 TD (by Gordon Brown and Jack Straw, it now )Tj T* (appears that Cabinet reluctance on EU reform )Tj T* (has been overcome. Blair insists he will go to )Tj T* (Brussels with the position of the government, )Tj T* (meaning that he will take the political heat )Tj T* (personally for the highly controversial )Tj T* (referendum U-turn, opening the way for his )Tj T* (successor to negotiate the )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 11.9517 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(nal details of a )]TJ -12.2017 -1.2275 TD (slimmed down treaty by the end of the year.)Tj ET 0 0 0 0.25 k /GS1 gs 431.012 731.252 171.779 21.26 re f /GS4 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 469.0552 738.5279 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (PEOPLE ON THE MOVE)Tj ET /Cs9 cs 0.35 scn /GS1 gs 247.516 64.402 355.275 290.054 re f 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs 247.516 731.252 171.968 21.26 re f /GS1 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 275.4092 738.5279 Tm 0 0 0 0 k (EU CONSTITUTION REVIVAL)Tj ET /GS4 gs BT /TT6 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 431.0122 713.3619 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Margaret Prosser, Kay Allen, Jane )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (Campbell, Kay Carberry, Sally Greengross, )Tj T* (Francesca Klug, Ziauddin Sardar, Ben )Tj T* (Summerskill)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 5.9472 0 TD ( and)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 1.9463 0 TD ( Neil Wooding)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.6655 0 TD ( are to )Tj -14.559 -1.2874 TD (be members of the new Commission for )Tj T* (Equalities and Human Rights, chaired by )Tj /TT6 1 Tf T* (Trevor Phillips)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.9462 0 TD (. )Tj /TT6 1 Tf -6.9462 -2.5748 TD (Sir Michael Aaronson, Mark Addison, )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (Bernard Knight, Anthea Millett, Ranjit )Tj T* (Sondhi, Elisabeth Watkins)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 12.5014 0 TD ( and, for the )Tj -12.5014 -1.2874 TD (second time, )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 5.9472 0 TD (James Boyle)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.1147 0 TD ( have been )Tj -12.0619 -1.2874 TD (appointed to the Civil Service Commission, )Tj T* (which is headed by First Civil Service )Tj T* (Commissioner Janet Paraskeva.)Tj 0 -2.5748 TD (Former Constitution Unit researcher )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 16.1723 0 TD (Jo )Tj -16.1723 -1.2874 TD (Murkens)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 4.1122 0 TD ( takes up a post as a Lecturer in )Tj -4.1122 -1.2874 TD (Public Law at the LSE from September.)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 4 M []0 d /GS3 gs 1 i 430.823 508.719 m 602.791 508.719 l 259.043 83.049 m 591.453 83.049 l 64.209 88.719 m 236.177 88.719 l S 247.516 329.295 355.275 25.16 re f /GS2 gs BT 8.5 0 0 8.5 314.8262 338.6069 Tm 0 0 0 0 k (INTERNATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL FOCUS: CANADA)Tj ET /GS3 gs BT 8.35 0 0 8.35 259.7992 310.3569 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (The Quebec elections on 26 March produced an unexpected result, with the federalist )Tj 0 -1.4371 TD (Quebec Liberal Party coming )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 13.1733 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rst with 33 per cent of the vote \(and 48 seats in the )]TJ -13.4234 -1.4371 TD (National Assembly\), followed by 30 per cent and 41 seats for the autonomist Action )Tj T* (Dmocratique du Qubec and only 28 per cent and 36 seats for the Parti Qubecois. )Tj T* (The Liberals have formed a minority administration with support from the ADQ. The )Tj T* (result appears to be a )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 9.9507 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rm rebuttal for both the independence aspirations and social-)]TJ -10.2007 -1.4371 TD (democratic programme of the PQ, and an endorsement of an autonomous neo-liberal )Tj T* (Quebec within Canada. Neither the Liberals nor the PQ were regarded as having fought )Tj T* (good campaigns, which may also help to explain the strong ADQ showing. )Tj 0 -2.8742 TD (The result was welcomed by the Conservative federal Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, )Tj 0 -1.4371 TD (whose minority government may itself go to the polls later this year. His main opponent )Tj T* (will be Stphane Dion, formerly Minister for Intergovernmental Relations and for )Tj T* (the Environment, who was elected leader of the federal Liberal Party in December )Tj T* (2006 \(defeating Michael Ignatieff and Bob Rae\). Dion has been making a strongly )Tj T* (environmentalist pitch, and recently reached an agreement with the leader of the )Tj T* (Green Party for the two parties not to compete against each other in certain seats. )Tj T* (Constitutional issues appear to have dropped a long way down the countrys electoral )Tj T* (priorities in the last few years.)Tj ET endstream endobj 36 0 obj << /ColorSpace << /Cs8 41 0 R /Cs9 42 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << /GS2 43 0 R /GS4 51 0 R /GS3 45 0 R >> /Font << /TT7 46 0 R /TT9 50 0 R /TT6 47 0 R /TT4 49 0 R /TT2 48 0 R /TT11 53 0 R >> >> endobj 37 0 obj << /Length 11516 >> stream 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs 616.965 764.309 26.457 131.589 re f 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 4 M []0 d /GS3 gs 1 i 65.39 46.671 m 603.028 46.671 l S /Cs8 cs 0.1 scn /GS2 gs 35.862 20.465 614.173 732.047 re f /GS3 gs 65.39 46.671 m 603.028 46.671 l S BT /TT6 1 Tf 8.35 0 0 8.35 64.2087 713.3619 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (Devolution Conference)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.5749 TD (On 29 March, the Unit held a major )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (conference at the British Academy on )Tj T* (devolution. Entitled Into the Third Term, the )Tj T* (conference looked forward to some of the )Tj T* (key issues likely to arise in the four-year term )Tj T* (following the Scottish and Welsh elections )Tj T* (on 3 May. The keynote speaker for the event )Tj T* (was political commentator )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 11.7822 0 TD (Peter Riddell)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.1128 0 TD (. )Tj -17.895 -1.2874 TD (He argued that while devolution has so far )Tj T* (operated smoothly and without Westminster )Tj T* (paying much attention, this may be set to )Tj T* (change, not just because of the potential of )Tj T* (non-Labour administrations in Edinburgh and )Tj T* (Cardiff, but also because of the likely )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 16.6201 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( nancial )]TJ -16.8701 -1.2874 TD 0 Tw (squeeze on the Scottish and Welsh budgets )Tj T* (following this years Comprehensive Spending )Tj T* (Review. After the keynote address, panel )Tj T* (discussions were held to discuss issues such )Tj T* (as the )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 3.002 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(nancial arrangements for devolution, )]TJ -3.252 -1.2874 TD (the mechanisms for intergovernmental )Tj T* (relations, and policy issues likely to arise in )Tj T* (the next term. The conference was attended )Tj T* (by over 50 practitioners and academics. The )Tj T* (Unit plans to make this an annual event.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.5748 TD (Directors Lecture on Constitutional )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (Change)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0 -2.5748 TD (On 29 January 2007 Constitution Unit )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (Director )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 3.7783 0 TD (Robert Hazell)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.3901 0 TD ( gave a lecture to the )Tj -10.1684 -1.2874 TD (Institute of Advanced Legal Studies on )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 17.3452 0 TD (Future )Tj -17.3452 -1.2874 TD (Developments in Constitutional Change)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 17.5659 0 TD (, )Tj -17.5659 -1.2874 TD (arguing that Blairs successor will need to )Tj T* (adopt a new narrative to justify continuing )Tj T* (reform, explaining better the need for greater )Tj T* (devolution of power and more open and )Tj T* (effective government. )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.5749 TD (Unit Seminar Reports)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (On 30 January 2007, Labour peer )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 15.2885 0 TD (Lord )Tj -15.2885 -1.2874 TD (Lipsey)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 3.168 0 TD ( and Conservative MP )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 10.1157 0 TD (Andrew Tyrie)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.335 0 TD ( )Tj -19.6186 -1.2874 TD (spoke on )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 4.3364 0 TD (Reforming or Ruining the Lords)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 13.896 0 TD (. )Tj -18.2324 -1.2874 TD (Brie)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 1.7783 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(ngs and leaks ensured that the contents )]TJ -2.0283 -1.2874 TD (of Jack Straws White Paper on the Lords )Tj T* (were widely known. Lord Lipsey described as )Tj T* (undemocratic the proposal to elect half the )Tj T* (House from regional lists \(he would opt for )Tj T* (STV\). Tyrie was less dismissive of the White )Tj T* (Paper, supporting a 60:40 elected element. )Tj T* (In contrast to Lord Lipsey, Tyrie claimed that )Tj T* (the present Lords was an effective check )Tj T* (on government and dismissed the idea that )Tj T* (a reformed chamber would undermine the )Tj T* (Commons.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.5748 TD (Sam Younger)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.4458 0 TD (, of the Electoral Commission, )Tj -6.4458 -1.2874 TD (spoke at the Unit on 13 February 2007 on )Tj /TT9 1 Tf T* (Parties in the pawnshop: the future of party )Tj 21.9793 77.2454 TD (and election )Tj /TT11 1 Tf 5.6709 0 TD ()Tj /TT9 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0278 Tw [( nance)]TJ /TT4 1 Tf 2.9745 0 TD 0 Tw (. He outlined how delays )Tj -8.8954 -1.2874 TD (in the Phillips report \(see page 3\) re)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 15.8418 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( ect )]TJ -16.0918 -1.2874 TD 0 Tw (the dif)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 2.7241 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(culties in reaching a consensus on )]TJ -2.9741 -1.2874 TD (capping donations. Parliament would need to )Tj T* (think through the implications of the parties )Tj T* (proposals for four additional political electoral )Tj T* (commissioners, which could complicate )Tj T* (enforcement decisions. There are, he noted, )Tj T* (challenging times ahead for the Electoral )Tj T* (Commission.)Tj 0 -2.5749 TD (On 7 March, )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 5.7798 0 TD (Ross Ferguson)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 7.2788 0 TD (, Hansard )Tj -13.0585 -1.2874 TD (Society E-Democracy Director, and leading )Tj T* (political blogger )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 7.2266 0 TD (Iain Dale)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 4.1128 0 TD ( spoke on )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 4.6142 0 TD (Blogging )Tj -15.9536 -1.2874 TD (and E-Democracy)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 8.0029 0 TD (. Ferguson described )Tj -8.0029 -1.2874 TD (the history of blogging in four stages: we )Tj T* (are currently in the transformation phase )Tj T* (involving multi-media and user-generated )Tj T* (content. Dale listed bloggings strengths and )Tj T* (noted the collaborative nature of blogging )Tj T* (and how bloggers often covered stories that )Tj T* (the mainstream media would not touch. Like )Tj T* (Ferguson he recognised the contribution )Tj T* (of the established media to the growth in )Tj T* (blogging. Both speakers agreed that blogging )Tj T* (had the potential to offer a more participative )Tj T* (form of politics. )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.5748 TD (Constitutional Futures 2)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (This book aims to forecast constitutional )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (developments in the UK over the next ten )Tj T* (years. At a two-day planning conference )Tj T* (in Bristol, the contributors engaged in )Tj T* (constitutional scenario-planning with the help )Tj T* (of outside experts to provide a framework )Tj T* (for the book as a whole. Topics ranged from )Tj T* (the minutiae of the Barnett formula to the )Tj T* (mechanics of a Regency. An intense series )Tj T* (of meetings over the summer should lead to )Tj T* (production of the book by late autumn. )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.5748 TD (Lords Project Update)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (Two Lords-related papers were presented )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (by Unit members to the Political Studies )Tj T* (Association conference in April. Meg Russell )Tj T* (and Maria Sciara reported on the policy )Tj T* (impact of government defeats in the Lords, )Tj T* (showing that 40 per cent of all defeats result )Tj T* (in signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 3.1128 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.8(cant policy change \(i.e. are not )]TJ -3.3628 -1.2874 TD (overturned by the government\), and that )Tj T* (their combined impact is signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 13.1167 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(cant. It is )]TJ -13.3667 -1.2874 TD (therefore wrong to see the Lords as a weak )Tj T* (parliamentary chamber. Meg Russell and )Tj T* (Jeffrey Johns \(a former intern\) also presented )Tj T* (a case study paper on the Identity Cards )Tj T* (Bill, showing that there is signi)Tj /TT7 1 Tf 13.3955 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD -0.0279 Tw [( cant )-27.9(joint )]TJ -13.6455 -1.2874 TD 0 Tw (working between the Lords and Commons )Tj T* (over legislation, and between the opposition )Tj T* (parties. Meanwhile Meg and Marias paper )Tj 21.9794 77.2454 TD (Why Does the Government get Defeated )Tj 0 -1.2874 TD (in the House of Lords? has been accepted )Tj T* (for the journal )Tj /TT9 1 Tf 6.3926 0 TD (British Politics)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 6.2236 0 TD ( and will be )Tj -12.6162 -1.2874 TD (published later in the year. Meg has given )Tj T* (evidence to a committee of the Canadian )Tj T* (Senate considering Senate reform, and also )Tj T* (gave a paper to a conference in Vancouver )Tj T* (on lessons for Canada from Lords reform. All )Tj T* (these papers can be found on the Parliament )Tj T* (section of the Units website.)Tj /TT6 1 Tf 0 -2.5749 TD (Freedom of Information Projects)Tj /TT4 1 Tf T* (Work on the ESRC/DCA funded )Tj /TT6 1 Tf 14.4506 0 TD (Evaluation )Tj -14.4506 -1.2874 TD (of FOI)Tj /TT4 1 Tf 2.8881 0 TD ( has now begun in earnest. Sarah )Tj -2.8881 -1.2874 TD (Holsen and Mark Glover delivered a paper )Tj T* (on What is Freedom of Information for? An )Tj T* (exploration of the objectives of the FOI Act )Tj T* (2000 at the PSA conference in April. The )Tj T* (paper will go on to form the baseline for )Tj T* (the study and is a )Tj /TT7 1 Tf 8.1162 0 TD ()Tj /TT4 1 Tf 0.25 0 TD [( )27.9(rst draft of the planned )]TJ -8.3662 -1.2874 TD (books opening chapter. In another part of )Tj T* (the study, the Unit has recently published an )Tj T* (article on Journalists Use of the Freedom )Tj T* (of Information Act in the Open Government )Tj T* (Journal, based on interviews with journalists )Tj T* (and media content analysis. 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529.345 125.603 529.344 125.606 529.344 125.609 c 529.344 125.64 l 529.344 125.643 529.343 125.645 529.341 125.647 c 529.338 125.65 529.322 125.667 529.313 125.675 c 529.313 127.571 l 529.313 127.574 529.313 127.579 v 529.313 127.585 529.319 127.585 y 529.319 127.585 529.325 127.585 529.326 127.585 c 529.332 127.585 529.333 127.59 529.333 127.596 c 529.333 127.604 529.333 127.623 529.333 127.634 c 529.333 127.645 529.335 127.668 529.339 127.676 c 529.343 127.682 529.342 127.69 529.33 127.69 c 529.329 127.69 529.316 127.69 529.314 127.69 c 529.3 127.69 529.298 127.706 529.305 127.712 c 529.352 127.751 529.357 127.818 529.357 127.831 c 529.357 127.843 529.357 127.853 529.369 127.853 c 529.391 127.853 l f 528.278 127.853 m 528.283 127.853 528.286 127.856 528.286 127.861 c 528.286 127.947 l 528.286 127.952 528.283 127.948 528.278 127.948 c 527.762 127.948 l 527.758 127.948 527.755 127.952 527.755 127.947 c 527.755 127.861 l 527.755 127.856 527.758 127.853 527.762 127.853 c 527.784 127.853 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125.602 c 528.232 125.603 528.232 125.606 528.232 125.609 c 528.232 125.64 l 528.232 125.643 528.231 125.645 528.229 125.647 c 528.226 125.65 528.21 125.667 528.201 125.675 c 528.201 127.571 l 528.201 127.574 528.201 127.579 v 528.201 127.585 528.206 127.585 y 528.207 127.585 528.213 127.585 528.213 127.585 c 528.22 127.585 528.221 127.59 528.221 127.596 c 528.221 127.604 528.221 127.623 528.221 127.634 c 528.221 127.645 528.223 127.668 528.227 127.676 c 528.231 127.682 528.23 127.69 528.218 127.69 c 528.217 127.69 528.203 127.69 528.203 127.69 c 528.188 127.69 528.186 127.706 528.193 127.712 c 528.24 127.751 528.245 127.818 528.245 127.831 c 528.245 127.843 528.244 127.853 528.257 127.853 c 528.278 127.853 l f 532.38 129.861 m 532.337 129.861 532.326 129.861 v 532.312 129.861 532.312 129.873 y 532.312 129.918 532.312 129.93 v 532.312 129.945 532.299 129.945 y 532.26 129.945 532.246 129.945 v 532.232 129.945 532.232 129.958 y 532.232 130.011 l 532.233 130.022 532.219 130.022 v 532.214 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530.351 131.547 c 530.19 131.472 529.898 131.312 529.688 130.996 c 529.418 130.627 529.444 130.118 529.442 130.046 c 529.441 130.031 529.43 130.023 529.419 130.023 c 529.411 130.023 529.392 130.022 529.388 130.022 c 529.374 130.022 529.374 130.011 y 529.374 129.958 l 529.375 129.945 529.36 129.945 v 529.347 129.945 529.307 129.945 y 529.294 129.945 529.294 129.93 v 529.294 129.918 529.294 129.873 y 529.294 129.861 529.28 129.861 v 529.269 129.861 529.227 129.861 y 529.212 129.861 529.212 129.847 v 529.212 129.838 529.212 129.804 529.212 129.785 c 529.212 129.778 529.216 129.777 529.221 129.776 c 529.237 129.774 529.269 129.759 529.269 129.724 c 529.269 129.665 529.306 129.659 529.321 129.659 c 529.321 129.437 l 529.321 129.386 529.28 129.365 529.258 129.36 c 529.253 129.359 529.247 129.354 529.247 129.347 c 529.247 129.342 529.247 129.12 y 530.802 129.463 l 530.804 129.463 l 532.36 129.12 l 532.36 129.342 532.36 129.347 v 532.36 129.354 532.353 129.359 532.349 129.36 c 532.326 129.365 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